Analyzers
Spectrum analyzers measure the frequency and amplitude of a signal. Able to detect items from radio waves to electromagnetics, spectrum analyzers are found in many areas of research and development.
In choosing a spectrum analyzer, there are several areas to consider. The first and most basic criteria is the form required, with the options being:
- Benchtop
- Portable
- Handheld
Benchtop products are the largest and heaviest, but also have the most robust feature sets. Portable and handheld units are smaller and easier to transport, but can offer less functionality.
Frequency range is one of the most important factors in selecting a spectrum analyzer. Your tests can only be conducted within this band, therefore it is imperative to consider the types of tests you will perform. For applications requiring extremely high or low bandwidth capability, you would need to have a spectrum analyzer capable of measuring within that range. Without that, it would be impossible to obtain usable results.
Accuracy and resolution are also major considerations in choosing the correct spectrum analyzer. The noise floor is the lowest noise level present when no signal is being detected, and represents the lowest signal an analyzer can detect. Dynamic range is the difference between this point, and the maximum amplitude which can be measured. As seen in the image below, frequency is located on the horizontal axis, and amplitude on the vertical.
EMI/EMC product testing is a very common spectrum analyzer application. This involves measurement of electromagnetic fields, and comparing these results to accepted limits in specific countries. Performing these tests will help determine a product’s compliance with national standards to help prevent recalls, fines, and other governmental penalties.